In a significant move to bolster public infrastructure and safety, Governor Pritzker signed SB 1550, now P.A. 104-0108, into law on August 1, 2025. This legislation amends the Illinois Library System Act to expand and...
Introduction Municipal liability under Monell v. Department of Social Services, 436 U.S. 658 (1978), is a critical doctrine in civil rights litigation, particularly under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Defense attorneys representing...
The Illinois Supreme Court’s recent decision in Bitner v. City of Pekin, 2025 IL 131039, delivered a significant clarification for municipalities and public entities across the state regarding the compensation of...
What is a Disparaging Comment? According to Merriam-Webster, “disparaging” is defined as “belittling the value or importance of someone or something” (Merriam-Webster). Therefore, a disparaging comment is any remark...
In May and June of 2021, Jeanne Hedgepeth, an Illinois public-school teacher, posted on her Facebook page a series of memes and comments regarding George Floyd’s death. Those posts, along with an online debate with a former
On August 11, 2025, a federal district court in New York issued an opinion in the matter of Whitlock Air Service, Inc. v. National Union Fire Insurance Co. of Pittsburgh, Pa., 2025 WL 2302324 (S.D.N.Y. 2025), illustrating the