The public facing role of commercial airline flight attendants involves providing beverage and refreshment service and keeping the cabin environment moving smoothly at 36,000 feet. But behind that calm professionalism is a...
In Citizens Ins. Co. of America, et al. v. Thermoflex Waukegan, LLC v. Gregory Gates, 2025 WL 2767289 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 29, 2025) (“Citizens”), the Northern District of Illinois reversed its earlier March 2022 decision...
In a significant move to bolster public infrastructure and safety, Governor Pritzker signed SB 1550, now P.A. 104-0108, into law on August 1, 2025. This legislation amends the Illinois Library System Act to expand and...
Introduction Municipal liability under Monell v. Department of Social Services, 436 U.S. 658 (1978), is a critical doctrine in civil rights litigation, particularly under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Defense attorneys representing...
The Illinois Supreme Court’s recent decision in Bitner v. City of Pekin, 2025 IL 131039, delivered a significant clarification for municipalities and public entities across the state regarding the compensation of...
What is a Disparaging Comment? According to Merriam-Webster, “disparaging” is defined as “belittling the value or importance of someone or something” (Merriam-Webster). Therefore, a disparaging comment is any remark...